Category Archives: Louisiana

Check Out Isleno Spanish

It will take some time for me to describe the history of this language. The Wikipedia article here is a good start.

The Islenos apparently arrived in from the Canary Islands to Louisiana and eastern Texas in the 1700′s. Over time, they were augmented by other Spanish immigrants from many other parts of Spain speaking a variety of languages including Catalan, Andalusian and Galician. In addition, over time there was a lot of interaction with the French speakers of Louisiana, so many French words went into the language. Somehow some Portuguese also went in. A huge amount of English vocabulary and even grammar has gone into the language, especially with the last generation of speakers. The Islenos retained their archaic Canarian Spanish from the 18th Century, speaking it as a first language up until the 1940′s due to the isolation of its main speech community on St. Bernard Parish near New Orleans. However, roads were built to the parish and in 1915, schools arrived. Repeated hurricanes caused Islenos to flee to New Orleans. A number of them served in World War 2 and Vietnam. The present generation of Isleno first language speakers are all over 60 years old. A few Islenos under 50 speak the language, and more can understand it but not speak it.

Islenos originally started out ranching cattle, but then they moved into planting sugar cane and growing a variety of crops for the New Orleans market. In the last century, many Islenos made their living by fishing, shrimping, crabbing, etc.

A group of them moved to San Antonio, Texas, where they fought in the Alamo and took part in other battles in the Texan War of Independence. Isleno Spanish died in San Antonio around 1950, but Islenos still maintain the culture there in other ways.

They still play songs called decimas and they continue to fix traditional Canarian dishes.

There is another dialect spoken by Islenos in Valenzuela, Louisiana called Brulis. However, this is mostly an Acadian French dialect. Another group of Islenos in Galveztown speak a dialect that is basically Mexican Indian Nahuatl of all things.

It is said that this accent is quite similar to Puerto Rican and Cuban Spanish. Many Cubans and Puerto Ricans also came from the Canary Islands around the same time, and Cuban and Louisiana Canarians used to trade with each other a long time ago.

If any of my readers can understand Spanish, I would be curious if you can understand this interesting rustic Spanish lect. I can understand Spanish fairly well, but I had a hard time with a lot of this speech, though some of it did sound something like Cuban Spanish. If you speak Spanish, let us know if you can understand these guys.

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Filed under Americas, Andalucian, Catalan, Culture, French, Galician, History, Immigration, Indo-European, Indo-Hittite, Italic, Italo-Celtic, Italo-Celtic-Tocharian, Language Families, Linguistics, Louisiana, Modern, North America, Portuguese, Regional, Romance, South, Spanish, Texas, US, USA, West

Why Has No Hunter Ever Shot and Killed a Bigfoot?

This is the classic question that is used by Bigfoot skeptics to deny the existence of Bigfoot.

Actually, it’s a dumb question, because the answer is supposedly no, no one, hunter or otherwise, has ever shot a Bigfoot. But it’s not true. As I will show, humans have shot and killed Bigfoots 36 times in the last 182 years. Humans shoot and kill Bigfoots on average of once five years.

Bigfoots Shot Dead by Humans

Unknown date: Klakas Inlet, Southern Alaska. In far southern Alaska on Prince of Wales Island, a Bigfoot was reportedly shot and buried at the mouth of a stream on the north side of the inlet. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

Unknown date: Sonora, Mexico. Rich Grumley reported that a hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot, then buried it.

Date unknown, modern era: Location unknown. A wealthy hunter reportedly shot and killed a Bigfoot, then paid a taxidermist to stuff it, and it’s presently on display in a ritzy country club on the East Coast. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Yankton, Oregon. Near the Colombia River north of Portland, a hunter shot a Bigfoot four times between the eyes and killed it. It rolled off the road. The man came back 24 hours later, and the body was gone. There was a set of three tracks, possibly a family group – a male, a female and a juvenile. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era, Amboy, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, a hunter reported that he shot and killed a male Bigfoot on an old logging road. Upon hearing that there was a $10,000 fine for killing a Bigfoot, the hunter hung up the phone on the researcher. Reported by Ray Crowe.

June 20, 1829: Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. A team of hunters set out in an attempt to track down and kill a Bigfoot in the swamp. After tracking for two weeks, they were set upon by the Bigfoot one night. The men opened up with all their guns, but it seemed useless. Five of the men were killed by the Bigfoot, who then tore all of the men’s heads off. The surviving men opened up on the Bigfoot, finally killing it. Reported by Augusta Chronicle, March 12, 2000 – “Hunters Told of Swamp Creature’s Attack.”

1855: SE Oklahoma, Choctaw Territory. Bigfoots had been raiding Choctaw settlements for some time, mostly stealing crops. But then they started stealing human children, apparently to kill and eat them, and the Choctaw had had enough. A party, organized by Joshua LeFlore, set out to get the Bigfoots. They tracked them to a mound where the dead children were that the Bigfoots had been killing and eating. The Bigfoots were covered in hair and smelled bad.

The search party’s horses all reared when they saw the Bigfoots. LeFlore emptied his pistol at a Bigfoot, but it was useless, and the Bigfoot ripped his head off. The rest of the team opened up on the Bigfoots with elephant guns, aiming at the head. Two Bigfoots dropped. The final Bigfoot was finished off with a hunting knife. The party makes a fire and burns the Bigfoots on the fire. 3 Bigfoots were killed in all.

1856: Ohio or West Virginia. Possible Bigfoot skeleton found with bullet holes in its skull. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

July 4, 1884: East of Yale, British Colombia. In the Fraser River Region, railroad-men from the British Colombia Express Company’s train’s stopped their train when it seemed that someone was asleep near the tracks. A juvenile male Bigfoot woke up, barked, and started to climb up a steep bluff. The workers decided to chase him. One got up above him on the slope and dropped a rock on the Bigfoot. It disoriented him enough that they were able to get a rope around him, capture him and put him on the train.

They named the Bigfoot “Jacko.” Jacko had bruises on his head and upper body, and they assumed that he had gotten too near the edge of the bluff and had fallen over and landed, stunned, near the tracks. Jacko had been seen in the area where he was captured recently, but residents thought he was either a bear or a stray Indian dog.

Jacko was 4’7 and weighed 127 pounds and was covered with shiny black hair. He was extremely strong. Jacko did not communicate other than making half-bark, half-growl sounds. He was fed berries and milk. There are conflicting reports on what happened to Jacko. Some reports said he was taken into Yale where a man made a pet of him. Other reports said that Jacko escaped from the train before it got to Yale.

There are reports that soon after, a Bigfoot matching Jacko’s description was shot and killed in the same general area by a group of men.

There are other reports that say this whole matter was a hoax, but I believe it was true. For one thing, John Green received a letter from Adele Bastin, whose mother remembered that people in town continued to talk of Jacko long afterward. The best analysis of the case was by Myra Shackley. Reported by The Colonist of Victoria, British Colombia, July 4, 1884.

1900: Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. An Eskimo shot and buried a Bigfoot. The Eskimo came out of the forest onto the beach and was met face to face with a Bigfoot. He opened fire and killed the Bigfoot. He and two other Eskimos then buried the Bigfoot on the beach. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1905: Gardner Canal, British Colombia. On the coast of central British Colombia, a Bigfoot was reportedly shot and killed, but there are no further details. Reported on the British Colombia Scientific Cryptozoology Club website.

1921: Terrebone, Louisiana. Hunters killed a Bigfoot and dumped the body in an old well. Later a skeleton was found in the well and taken to the Tulane University anthropology department, where it disappeared. The anthropologists were not able to identify the skeleton and were mystified by it.

This is probably one of the best verified cases of the killing of a Bigfoot. After the skeleton was found in the well, many of the local college boys from Terrebone and Tulane University came around and took photos of it. Residents of Terrebone said that for many years afterward, as the college boys grew up, many of them still had photos of the Bigfoot skeleton.

Unfortunately, 90 years has now passed, but someone ought to go track this down and see if we can find any of those old photos. The skeptics will reject them anyway, but it would be nice to have them. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1924: Ape Canyon, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, miners shot and killed a Bigfoot, which fell off a cliff into a river below. Other Bigfoots retaliated and bombarded their cabin with rocks. There are reports saying that Ape Canyon was a hoax, but I don’t believe that. Reported by Fred Beck.

1928: South Bentnick Arm, near Bella Coola, British Colombia. On the coast of central British Colombia, George Talleo shot and killed a Bigfoot. He left the scene and did not come back. Reported by the Sasquatch-BC website.

After 1937: Green River, Washington. In the Cascades east of Tacoma, a hunter saw a bear grubbing in a log and shot and killed it. Turned out he had killed a Bigfoot. Feeling that he had shot a “hairy man” (a human being), he buried it under a pile of rocks and never told anyone until he confessed on his deathbed. Reported by Datus Perry.

1940: Southeastern Missouri. Jared Sparks killed a Bigfoot (he described it only as “like a gorilla”) that had been killing horses and cattle by tearing them apart. Disposition of body unknown. Reported by John Keel, Strange Creatures.

Fall 1941: Near Basket Lake, Manitoba. A 17 year old boy hunting out of season shot and killed a Bigfoot that he thought was a moose. He left it in the forest because he thought it was human and because he was hunting out of season. He went back sometime later, and the body was gone. The old man who shot this Bigfoot as a boy was recently extensively interviewed by Dr. John Bindernagel, PhD in wildlife biology. Bindernagel felt that the man was telling the truth about killing the Bigfoot. Reported on BFRO site.

1943: Georgia, near the South Carolina border. A Bigfoot was shot and killed by a shotguns, hit with 60 bullets after it was tracked by a group of men because it was killing sheep and calves by tearing off their legs. The reddish-brown Bigfoot was buried on the outskirts of town. Reported by Rich Grumley.

1953: Alder Creek Canyon, Sandy, Oregon. East of Portland, a hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot, then buried the body. Reported by Peter Byrne.

1958-1960: Overton County, Tennessee. Bigfoot stealing chickens was shot dead by the owner of the chickens. They drove it around the area to see if anyone could identify it. No one had the faintest idea what it was. Disposition of body unknown. Reported by Mary Green.

196o: Whiteface Reservoir, Minnesota. A hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot, then put the body on ice and displayed it for awhile before replacing it with a plastic replica. The famous Minnesota Iceman story. Well documented case of a dead Bigfoot that was actually on public display for a while. It was examined by PhD scientists who said it was a real corpse and thought it was a “Neanderthal.”

The owner was very afraid of being prosecuted for homicide so he replaced it with a dummy and sent the real body packing. Then he changed his story multiple times, apparently out of fear of prosecution. The real Iceman is probably still with the estate of Jimmy Stewart.

1960′s: Douglas, Oregon: In the Cascades west of the Umpqua National Forest, a farmer shot a Bigfoot and then somehow managed to take it back to his house, where he left it outside. Other Bigfoots then came that night and retrieved the body. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1965: Kitimat, British Colombia. On the coast of central British Colombia, a Kitimat man shot and killed a Bigfoot near town. He was trying to drag the body away when other Bigfoots came out and tried to attack him. He barely escaped to his canoe. Reported on the British Colombia Scientific Cryptozoology Club website.

December 1967: Teton National Forest near Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Two college students from Marshalltown, Iowa – Lyle Bingaman and Mike Burton – shot and killed a Bigfoot, thinking it was a bear. They were terrified that they had killed a human being and that they would be prosecuted for murder, so they left it where it was and didn’t talk about it for a long time. Reported by Peter Byrne.

1968: North of Carson, Wyoming. Three men were hired by a rancher to kill a Bigfoot that was killing his cows and sheep by tearing off their legs. Afterward, the body was picked up by a government helicopter and taken to a research facility in Almogordo, New Mexico to be autopsied and studied. Reported by Ray Crowe. Government coverup.

After 1968: Alabama.  The same man involved in the Carson, Wyoming case above shot another Bigfoot later on. This time the government found out about it and was angry that he killed the Bigfoot.  Reported by Ray Crowe. Government coverup.

After 1969: Clark, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, a man shot and killed a Bigfoot, then tried to sell it, but stopped when he thought it might have been illegal to kill the Bigfoot. No further details. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1970: Spokane, Washington. Grover Krantz reported that a hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot.

June 1976: Baltimore, Maryland. As unlikely as it sounds, a Bigfoot was reported here in May 1976. Police were called, and K-9′s initially refused to track it. Finally, the dogs tracked it to an interstate tunnel. A police officer then saw it run under the interstate. The next month, US army personnel were called out to deal with the Bigfoot. Reports indicate that soldiers captured or killed the Bigfoot. No further information. Reported by Rick Berry, Bigfoot on the East Coast. Government coverup.

January 1976: Elm Creek, Texas Panhandle. Three men shot and killed two Bigfoots. The first one charged them, so they shot it. Then another one charged them, so they shot it too. They dropped both Bigfoots, a male and a female. They buried the bodies down by a nearby creek. They were afraid they would be prosecuted for homicide. Recently told their story anonymously on a radio show.

January 2000: Honobia, Oklahoma. The Siege of Honobia.  Bigfoot apparently shot and killed as part of a group that was raiding and harassing a rural residence. Other Bigfoots apparently carried off the dead Bigfoot. Two senior and well trusted members of the BFRO were there that night shooting guns at the Bigfoots and witnessed the killing. Reported by the BFRO site.

November 12, 2003: Lafollette, Tennessee. A Bigfoot had been killing peoples’ animals. A goat and cat at the very least had been killed. A woman called the sheriff, and they came out with a team of deputies and told everyone to get their pets indoors as they were going to eliminate these animals. They tracked the Bigfoot and shot it dead over the next hill.

There were sirens wailing, and the Bigfoot screamed as it was shot. The woman left the scene. People saw a black body (the Bigfoot) lying in a field the next morning. Ten minutes later, it vanished. Planes flew around the area night and day for two weeks. Many locals reported that there had been a hostile Bigfoot in the area and they were trying to appease it by leaving food out for it so it would not kill their animals.  Reported by Mary Green. Government coverup.

August 2006: Slim Buttes, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. A Bigfoot that had been named Chiye-tanka was shot and killed on the reservation. It was later given to the School of Mines to study. They sent it back and it was given a ceremonial burial by Lakota elders. Reported by Ray Crowe. Government coverup.

Conclusion

From 1829-present, a 182 year period, 36 Bigfoots have been shot dead by humans, hunters or otherwise. Humans shoot and kill Bigfoots once every 5.1 years, or about once every 5 years. In most cases, after the Bigfoot was shot, it was simply left in the woods where it fell. In some cases, it was buried. In the modern era, people who shot Bigfoots were often afraid to talk about it for fear of being prosecuted. They often thought that they had killed some sort of a human being and would be prosecuted for manslaughter or homicide.

In recent years, government officials seem to be taking the bodies away after Bigfoots are shot dead. There is a possible government coverup occurring in recent years, since 1968.

In the future, humans will continue to shoot and kill Bigfoots in North America. In order for science to make use of these bodies, the legal question regarding shooting a Bigfoot to death needs to be resolved somehow. Otherwise, people who shoot and kill Bigfoots will continue to abandon them or bury them in the woods.

Bigfoot organizations should establish procedures about what to do the next time a Bigfoot is shot and killed. Probably the best plan would be to say that the organization is willing to accept any Bigfoot shot dead, no questions asked. The person could then donate the body to the organization without fear of being prosecuted. It’s doubtful that the government would go after the organization merely for holding a Bigfoot corpse.

The organization should then contact a scientist such as Dr. Meldrum immediately and probably arrange to have the corpse delivered to him. At the same time, notify the media. The government would have a hard time stealing the corpse away from Meldrum after the media have been notified.

Anyone who shoots and kills a Bigfoot should try to protect the corpse and notify either Bigfoot organizations or prominent scientists such as Dr. Meldrum. Do not notify the authorities. If you do, you’re likely to never see the body again.

Check out Bigfoot Forums, the hottest Bigfoot discussion site on the web.

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Why No Bigfoot Bones and Bodies?

Warning: Long, runs to 50 pages.

This is the classic argument for the nonexistence of Bigfoots, Yetis, Almas, Mawas, Yerens, Yowies, Orang Pendeks and other relict hominids.

It’s a good argument as far as it goes. But what are the chances of finding a whole dead body of anything in the woods? Very slim. My friends found a dead bobcat once, but they had to scale a waterfall from a deep pool to do it. I’ve never found any dead anything in the woods. In regions where there is a huge deer population, you can find a few deer bones here and there. You will certainly never find a whole skeleton or a whole dead deer unless it’s road-killed.

Most animals are not discovered by finding a dead body or bones. They are found by shooting a specimen, which is then called a type specimen and is thereby known to science.

Bigfoots appear to carry off their dead. They are sometimes hit by cars, but in those cases, the Bigfoots usually just ran off after being hit by the cars. In one case, a woman hit a Bigfoot and was killed in the accident. The Bigfoot was also killed. Authorities sealed off the area, and when researchers went back the next day, the body was gone.

In the past 35 years or so, there are reports of a government coverup regarding dead and injured Bigfoots. Prior to 35 years ago, we received no such reports outside the military.

Bigfoots live in family groups. Where you see one, there are others about. Bigfoots seem to carry off their dead. In the Siege of Honobia in Oklahoma, a Bigfoot was shot and possibly killed, but was apparently carried off by the others. A roadkilled Bigfoot would probably be carried off by the others.

There is also evidence that Bigfoots bury their dead.

Bigfoot Burials and Graveyards

Date unknown, modern era: Northern California. A witness saw four Bigfoots carrying bones. The longest bone was up to four feet long. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Date unknown, modern era: Pacific Northwest. A man witnessed three Bigfoots digging a hole with their hands to bury a fourth Bigfoot. Afterward, they rolled rocks on the grave. Reported by Roger Patterson.

Date unknown, modern era: Starkey, Oregon. In the Blue Mountains, Sue Sebring found unusual cobble piles in the forest. Possible Bigfoot graveyard. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Date unknown, modern era: Alder Creek, Sandy, Oregon. East of Portland, Peter Byrne noted an unusual mound of earth along the creek. Reported by Ray Crowe.

1949: Pacific Northwest. A man reported seeing three Bigfoots, two older males and a female, laying a dead young female Bigfoot out on top of a rock on a mountain peak. This is probably the simplest Bigfoot burial, similar to the sky burials of ancient humans. John Green did not believe the story, but looking at other reports, it seems reasonable. Reported by John Green.

1962-1967: Northern Washington state. A man witnessed three Bigfoots burying a fourth one. Reported by Peter Byrne.

After 1972: Klamath Agency, Oregon. A bulldozer driver was building a road in the forest. He ran the road through an area of large stones in a circle 20 feet in diameter, with smaller stones in the middle. The next day, he would come back and all of the stones were replaced in their original positions after he had bulldozed them away. This went on for some time, and eventually, he built the road around the area. Possible Bigfoot burial site. Reported by Vic McDaniel.

Before 1975: Location unknown, probably Pacific Northwest. Three Bigfoots were witnessed digging a hole with their hands to bury a fourth Bigfoot. When the hole was filled in, huge boulders were rolled over the site. Reported by Glen Thomas.

1985: Calapooia River, Oregon. In the Oregon Coast Range, Gold miners found a 50 foot wide area where the tops of all trees had been broken off around the perimeter. In the clearing, there was a deer carcass and two piles of smooth, five inch cobblestones, about 2.5 feet high, separated by 20 feet. The previous night, the miners had been frightened by strange screams and the sounds of breaking trees. They never went back to excavate the area. Possible Bigfoot burial site. Reported by Ray Crowe.

1989: McMinnville, Starkey, Oregon. Scott White found strange piles of rocks in a clearing with smashed trees.  Possible Bigfoot burial site. Reported by Ray Crowe.

1990: Estacada, Oregon. East of Portland, a hunter found a dead baby Bigfoot ten feet up in a tree. He reported that it was just a small, furry little thing. He was interested in the tree in the first place due to large scat piles all around it. The dead Bigfoot was buried in the boughs of an evergreen and was covered with covered with other boughs.

The hunter thought that the scat piles were from the mother Bigfoot who had been sitting under the tree mourning the death of her baby. This could be called an “Indian style burial,” as Indians in the Pacific Northwest used to bury their dead up in trees, albeit in caskets.

The hunter called Portland State University and told them he had found a dead baby Bigfoot. They laughed at him and told him that they were not interested in looking at it. After all, Bigfoots don’t exist. The man stuck the baby Bigfoot in his deep freeze, and that’s the last we’ve heard of it. Reported by Ray Nab.

Summer 1992: Estacada, Oregon, near Bagby Hot Springs. A philosophy teacher saw two Bigfoots, either a male and female or two females. There were two young, auburn colored Bigfoots with them. They were in a riverbed, burying another Bigfoot under a pile of stones. They had not dug a hole; they were just burying it with rocks. He stated that the Bigfoots were acting “sad.” The site was rechecked by an investigator one year later, but flooding had washed the stones away, and the site could not be rediscovered. Reported by Ray Crowe.

We see over and over here reports of 3-4 Bigfoots participating in the burial of another, as if it is some kind of a ceremony.

After 1995: Whidbey Island, Washington. Rhett Mullis found large mounds on this island in Puget Sound where there is no history of Indian residence. A large pit had been dug out but had not yet been used. There was a “hallway” along a well-used trail and scat was scattered around. The mounds were covered with large hand-sized rocks. Plants had been pulled up and placed on top of the mounds in order to hide them. Possible Bigfoot graveyard. Reported by Rhett Mullis.

October 21, 2002: Estacada, Oregon. Possible Bigfoot burial grounds consisting of pits and stacks of heavy rocks were found at a high elevation in the Clackamas River Gorge. They could not be Indian burial grounds. Reported by the BFRO.

Conclusion

From 1949-present, a 62 year period, 14 Bigfoot burials or possible Bigfoot graveyards have been seen. Therefore, Bigfoot burials or graveyards are seen every 4.4 years, about once every 4 1/2 years.

Dead or Captured Bigfoots

Unknown date: Klakas Inlet, Southern Alaska. In far southern Alaska on Prince of Wales Island, a Bigfoot was reportedly shot and buried at the mouth of a stream on the north side of the inlet. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

Date unknown, modern era: Location unknown. A wealthy hunter reportedly shot and killed a Bigfoot, then paid a taxidermist to stuff it, and it’s presently on display in some ritzy country club on the East Coast. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Near Roseburg, Oregon. A hunter found a dead Bigfoot by a stream. He poked it and got no response. He tried to carry it out with the help of his hunting companions, but it was too heavy at 700-900 pounds. They went back to town to get a truck to cart it out with, but when they came back, it was gone. They found the footprints of another Bigfoot, which had apparently carried it away. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Near Great Falls, Montana. A man’s dog brought in a huge leg bone, from the pelvis to a foot. The man suspected it was a Bigfoot, so he gave it to a local university, but they could not identify it, and they never gave it back. The dog brought in another possible Bigfoot body part, but it smelled so bad that the man buried it. Coyotes then dug it up and ate it. Great Falls Tribune, Great Falls, Montana, “The Beast’s Foot.” Date unknown. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Electric Peak, Gardiner, Montana. Two boys cross-country skiing on this mountain just north of Yellowstone National Park found the decomposed body of a Bigfoot. It was partly covered by a rock avalanche. The pelvis was crushed, and the skull was missing and had apparently been taken by headhunters. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Copper Mountain near Brewster, Washington. Two men hiking in the Okanagon Mountains witnessed a bizarre battle between two Bigfoots. The larger one was said to be 12 feet tall. It was fighting a smaller brownish one. They were rolling in the dirt, punching, scratching and throwing dirt and logs.

The smaller one tripped, and the big one smashed his head with a big rock, killing it. It then leaped on the dead Bigfoot, tore at its stomach, tearing out some of its guts, which it ate. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Pybus Bay, Admiralty Island, Alaska. A man found two bodies of possible baby Bigfoots, 2.5 feet tall. There was still some hair and skin attached to them. They had huge jaws and teeth. The bodies had been under the snow. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Route 95, Maryland. A woman saw a hairy humanoid figure lying in the road dead as she drove around emergency vehicles. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Yankton, Oregon. Near the Colombia River north of Portland, a hunter shot a Bigfoot four times between the eyes and killed it. It rolled off the road. The man came back 24 hours later, and the body was gone. There was a set of three tracks, possibly a family group – a male, a female and a juvenile. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era, Amboy, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, a hunter reported that he shot and killed a male Bigfoot on an old logging road. Upon hearing that there was a $10,000 fine for killing a Bigfoot, the hunter hung up the phone on the researcher. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era, The Dalles, Oregon. Near the Colombia River, the US Forest Service was doing some clearing of BLM land, and they found a live juvenile Bigfoot sleeping in a BLM shelter. They roped it and took it in a vehicle to The Dalles. No further data. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Date unknown, modern era: Ohio. An Ohio sheriff’s deputy reported that he found a Bigfoot killed by a car by the side of the road. He called for backup, but soon the Ohio State Patrol came and blocked off the road. Then a dark van came, and three men in military uniforms loaded the Bigfoot into the van and took it away. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date, modern era: Alabama.  The same man involved in the Carson, Wyoming case above shot another Bigfoot later on. This time the government found out about it and was angry that he killed the Bigfoot. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date: Sonora, Mexico. Rich Grumley reported that a hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot, then buried it. Reported by Rich Grumley.

Unknown date: Coshocton County, Oklahoma. Possible Bigfoot arm found in the woods. All that remained was skin, bones and hair. A specialist ran tests on it and said it did not come from any known animal in the area, nor from a human or an ape. He felt it was the best evidence yet for Bigfoot. Present status of the remains is unknown. Reported by Mary Green.

1820′s: Near Pomona, La Verne and Claremont, California. A “Devil Indian” or Bigfoot female, was captured by early White settlers, but was soon released. The local Gabrielino Indians reported that the Devil Indians of this area were tall, hairy, smelled bad and roamed around at night. They had large hands and feet and were very fast. Reported by J.P. Harrington.

June 20, 1829: Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. A team of hunters set out in an attempt to track down and kill a Bigfoot in the swamp. After tracking for two weeks, they were set upon by the Bigfoot one night. The men opened up with all their guns, but it seemed useless. Five of the men were killed by the Bigfoot, who then tore all of the men’s heads off. The surviving men opened up on the Bigfoot, finally killing it. Reported by the Augusta Chronicle, Augusta, Georgia, March 12, 2000 – “Hunters Told of Swamp Creature’s Attack.”

January 1839: St Peters River, Wisconsin. A team of explorers captured a male Bigfoot and two juveniles. The description describes a Bigfoot very well. It is not known what happened afterward. Reported by the Bigfoot Encounters website.

1855: SE Oklahoma, Choctaw Territory. Bigfoots had been raiding Choctaw settlements for some time, mostly stealing crops. But then they started stealing human children, apparently to kill and eat them, and the Choctaw had had enough. A party, organized by Joshua LeFlore, set out to get the Bigfoots. They tracked them to a mound where the dead children were that the Bigfoots had been killing and eating. The Bigfoots were covered in hair and smelled bad.

The search party’s horses all reared when they saw the Bigfoots. LeFlore emptied his pistol at a Bigfoot, but it was useless, and the Bigfoot ripped his head off. The rest of the team opened up on the Bigfoots with elephant guns, aiming at the head. Two Bigfoots dropped. The final Bigfoot was finished off with a hunting knife. The party made a fire and burned the Bigfoots on the fire. 3 Bigfoots were killed in all.

January 21, 1855: Waldoboro, Maine. J.W. McHenry was chopping wood at his home when he looked up and saw an 18 inch tall juvenile Bigfoot. He captured it and made a pet out of it. Reported by Bigfoot Encounters website.

1856: Ohio or West Virginia. Possible Bigfoot skeleton found with bullet holes in its skull. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

After 1865: Saline, Arkansas. 7 foot Bigfoot captured. Reported by Otto Ernest Rayburn, Ozark Country, pp.313-14, quoted in INFO Journal:1 pp.48-9.

1878: Tennessee. 6’5 Bigfoot captured and displayed in Louisville, Kentucky. Reported by Louisville Courier-Journal, Louisville, Kentucky, Oct 24, 1878.

1880′s: Montana, near the Canadian border. A Bigfoot was killed by a train, and its body was stuck under the train. Reported by Rita Swift.

July 4, 1884: East of Yale, British Colombia. In the Fraser River Region, railroad-men from the British Colombia Express Company’s train stopped their train when it seemed that someone was asleep near the tracks. A juvenile male Bigfoot woke up, barked, and started to climb up a steep bluff. The workers decided to chase him. One got up above him on the slope and dropped a rock on the Bigfoot. It disoriented him enough that they were able to get a rope around him, capture him and put him on the train.

They named the Bigfoot “Jacko.” Jacko had bruises on his head and upper body, and they assumed that he had gotten too near the edge of the bluff and had fallen over and landed, stunned, near the tracks. Jacko had been seen in the area where he was captured recently, but residents thought he was either a bear or a stray Indian dog.

Jacko was 4’7, weighed 127 pounds and was covered with shiny black hair. He was extremely strong. Jacko did not communicate other than making half-bark, half-growl sounds. He was fed berries and milk. There are conflicting reports on what happened to Jacko. Some reports said he was taken into Yale where a man made a pet of him. Other reports said that Jacko escaped from the train before it got to Yale.

There are other reports that say this whole matter was a hoax, but I believe it was true. For one thing, John Green received a letter from Adele Bastin, whose mother remembered that people continued to talk of Jacko long afterward. Reported by The Colonist of Victoria, British Colombia, July 4, 1884. The best analysis was by Myra Shackley.

There are reports that soon after, a Bigfoot matching Jacko’s description was shot and killed in the same general area by a group of men.

September 5, 1886: Washington County, Kansas. Four Bigfoots, a male, a female, a young female and a juvenile, were captured. They were covered in black hair and could not communicate. The female only made grunting sounds. Reported by the New York Times, September 5, 1886.

1900: Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. An Eskimo shot and buried a Bigfoot. The Eskimo came out of the forest onto the beach and was met face to face with a Bigfoot. He opened fire and killed the Bigfoot. He and two other Eskimos then buried the Bigfoot on the beach. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1905: Gardner Canal, British Colombia. On the coast of central British Colombia, a Bigfoot was reportedly shot and killed, but there are no further details. Reported on the British Colombia Scientific Cryptozoology Club website.

February 15, 1908: McHenry, North Dakota. An apparent Bigfoot was captured near town. He was covered with hair and had eye teeth like fangs. He refused to eat and could not communicate. He only drank water, half a bucket at a time. Reported by the Stevens Point Journal, Stevens, Wisconsin, February 15, 1908.

1921: Terrebone, Louisiana. Hunters killed a Bigfoot and dumped the body in an old well. Later a skeleton was found and taken to Tulane University, where professors could not identify it, and it disappeared. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1924: Ape Canyon, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, miners shot and killed a Bigfoot, which fell off a cliff into a river below. Other Bigfoots retaliated and bombarded their cabin with rocks. Reported by Fred Beck.

1928: South Bentnick Arm, near Bella Coola, British Colombia. On the coast of central British Colombia, George Talleo shot and killed a Bigfoot. He left the scene and did not come back. Reported by the Sasquatch-BC website.

After 1937: Green River, Washington. In the Cascades east of Tacoma, a hunter saw a bear grubbing in a log and shot and killed it. Turned out he had killed a Bigfoot. Feeling that he had shot a “hairy man” (a human being), he buried it under a pile of rocks and never told anyone until he confessed on his deathbed. Reported by Datus Perry.

1940: Southeastern Missouri. Jared Sparks killed an apparent Bigfoot (he described it only as “like a gorilla”) that had been killing horses and cattle by tearing them apart. Disposition of body unknown. Reported by John Keel in Strange Creatures.

1940: Near Kaluka, Alaska. A female Bigfoot was captured and fed fish in captivity. For some reason, all of her hair fell out and she died. John Green, The Sasquatch File.

Fall 1941: Near Basket Lake, Manitoba. A 17 year old boy hunting out of season shot and killed a Bigfoot that he thought was a moose. He left it in the forest because he thought it was human and because he was hunting out of season. He went back sometime later, and the body was gone. Reported on the BFRO site.

1943: Georgia, near the South Carolina border. A Bigfoot was shot and killed by a shotgun, hit with 60 bullets after it was tracked by a group of men, because it was killing sheep and calves by tearing off their legs. The reddish-brown Bigfoot was buried on the outskirts of town. Reported by Rich Grumley. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1953: Alder Creek Canyon, Sandy, Oregon. East of Portland, a hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot, then buried the body. Reported by Peter Byrne.

1958-1960: Overton County, Tennessee. Bigfoot stealing chickens was shot dead by the owner of the chickens. They drove it around the area to see if anyone could identify it. Disposition of body unknown. Reported by Mary Green.

After 1960: Pendicton, British Colombia. In south-central British Colombia, two fishermen found a dead Bigfoot along the trail. They first smelled the corpse, then found the body. Upon investigating, they heard sounds in the brush. Fearing it was another Bigfoot, they quickly left the scene. They went back with wildlife officials 10 days later and there was only a dark spot on the trail. Had a bear eaten it? Had other Bigfoots hauled it off? Reported by Peter Byrne.

1960′s: Douglas, Oregon: In the Cascades west of the Umpqua National Forest, a farmer shot a Bigfoot and then somehow managed to take it back to his house, where he left it outside. Other Bigfoots then came that night and retrieved the body. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

November 9, 1962, 8:30 AM: O’Brien, Southwest Oregon, Oregon/California border. A elderly female Bigfoot, suffering from Lyme Disease, estimated age 40, about 8’2 and weighing 770 pounds, was killed on October 10 when a wild storm knocked a large Douglas fir down, crushing her. A road-clearing crew found her, and they did not have the foggiest idea what she was. Even the USFS did not know what she was. The Bigfoot was badly decomposed; nevertheless, from the description, she was obviously a Bigfoot.

At noon, a truck came and took the creature away. The district manager then ordered all workers to relocate 5 miles away for the rest of the week. He acted nervous and snappy around the workers.

A US Forest Service photographer, men from a university, along with a logging crew and some locals, took many photos. The district manager of the USFS ordered that all photos be turned into him because it had not yet been proven that the death was natural – that is, possibly it was a crime. Not all were turned in, and some photos in private hands still exist. For many years, one of the photos was on display in a local restaurant.

Three days later, the local ranger, Guy Adams from Cave Junction, began spreading a lie that the Bigfoot was a pet ape that had escaped from a local residence.

The story was not written up in the local press until 1963.

The Bigfoot was sent to California, then to Golden, Colorado for further examination. From there, in November, the body was sent to the DOI in San Diego for study. A file on the Bigfoot, USFS/33058-45333-294734-19B, along with bones and photos, was sent to the Smithsonian Museum, then the file case was closed to the public, and the photos and file were marked classified. The DOI ordered the Smithsonian to send the bones to the DOI on May 24 1963.

The information on the file, which is stamped “classified,” and marked exhibit 4377, in part reads:

Species: unknown biped

Date recorded: 3 /14 /63

Area: O’Brien-Dew Ridge

The bone structure of the specimen is unknown to DGDS

Analyses: Tissue samples indicate non human.

Regarding unknown biped. The subject discussed in the original file is complete with the finding of Dr. D. S. Gould. This is a medical conundrum as to the true species of said subject. Subject appears to be some species not known to date. Some indications are most related to human. Yet many indicate of a gorilla type.

It is noted the length of the subject is clearly not gorilla nor human because subject measurements indicate 98 inches in height. Estimation weight at time of death 770 lbs. This clearly concludes this subject is not consistent with known species of human or gorilla.

Conclusion: Sample is not consistent with any known species of animal/primate known. Seal per request noted.

The USFS could not figure out what the animal was. The feeling that it was some sort of an ape, granted it was bigger than apes typically are. The report did not indicate that the animal was a Bigfoot, since the USFS didn’t know what that was at the time. In 1964, the DOI classified the Bigfoot as very similar to an Eastern China Mountain Gorilla. They thought it was an escaped pet. Much of the remains were destroyed through testing and over time, so there may be few if any left. Reported on the Bigfoot Ballyhoo blog. However, some say that this whole story was made up by Linda Newton-Perry, who is a pathological liar.

January, 1965: Chemult, Oregon. On the Umpqua National Forest northwest of Crater Lake National Park, a Southern Pacific train traveling between between Bend and Klamath Falls towns hit a Bigfoot and killed it. The crew never reported it to their company or authorities because they thought they would be accused of drinking on the job. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1965: Kitimat, British Colombia. On the coast of central British Colombia, a Kitimat man shot and killed a Bigfoot near town. He was trying to drag the body away when other Bigfoots came out and tried to attack him. He barely escaped to his canoe. Reported on the British Colombia Scientific Cryptozoology Club website.

December 1967: Teton National Forest near Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Two college students from Marshalltown, Iowa, Lyle Bingaman and Mike Burton, shot and killed a Bigfoot, thinking it was a bear. They were terrified that they had killed a human being and that they would be prosecuted for murder. Reported by Peter Byrne.

1968: North of Carson, Wyoming. Three men were hired by a rancher to kill a Bigfoot that was killing his cows and sheep by tearing off their legs. Afterward, the body was picked up by a government helicopter and taken to a research facility in Almogordo, New Mexico to be autopsied and studied. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

1969: Whiteface Reservoir, Minnesota. A hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot, then put the body on ice and displayed it for awhile before replacing it with a plastic replica. The famous Minnesota Iceman story.

After 1969: Clark, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, a man shot and killed a Bigfoot, then tried to sell it, but stopped when he thought it might have been illegal to kill the Bigfoot. No further details. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1970: Spokane, Washington. Grover Krantz reported that a hunter shot and killed a Bigfoot. Reported by Grover Krantz.

June 1971: Happy Camp, California. In the Siskiyou Mountains, two girls found a badly decomposed Bigfoot on a forest road. It was thought to be a Bigfoot due to the color of the fingernails. No action was taken; apparently they just left it there. This was reported in the Salem Capital Journal, Salem, Oregon. Reported by John Green.

June 1976: Baltimore, Maryland. As unlikely as it sounds, a Bigfoot was reported here in May 1976. Police were called, and K-9′s initially refused to track it. Finally, the dogs tracked it to an interstate tunnel. A police officer then saw it run under the interstate. The next month, US army personnel were called out to deal with the Bigfoot. Reports indicate that soldiers captured or killed the Bigfoot. No further information. Government coverup. Reported by Rick Berry, Bigfoot on the East Coast.

Unknown date, probably after 1980: Cowlitz or Yale, Washington. Near Mt. St. Helens, a Bigfoot was killed by a vehicle on a highway. A US Forest Service helicopter came and took the body away. Nothing further was heard. Government coverup. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

Oregon: After 1980. A man and his son found a dead Bigfoot lying in a stream. They heard what sounded like another Bigfoot nearby watching over the dead one, and they quickly left the area. Reported by Cynthia Stayte.

July 1980: Mt. St. Helens, Washington. Up to 20 dead Bigfoots were dredged out of a river after the volcano eruption. They were taken by helicopter to a place where all the dead animals from the eruption were being buried in a landfill. The Bigfoots were guarded by National Guard troops. Asked what was to be done with them, the troops said that authorities were probably going to study them. A truck came to take the Bigfoot bodies away.

Five different witnesses, one named Fred Bradshaw, reported that Bigfoots were discovered by searchers and hauled away by arms of the government, including the Army Corps of Engineers and the National Guard. Witnesses were warned to keep quiet. Government coverup. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1980: Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington. Several Yakima Indians noted that a Bigfoot had been badly burned in the Mt. St. Helens eruption but had managed to survive. It was hanging out on the eastern end of their reservation afterward. They reported that a government helicopter came, bundled up the wounded Bigfoot and took it away. Government coverup. Reported on the Phantoms and Monsters website.

1982: Klamath, Oregon. On the Winema National Forest southeast of Crater Lake National Park, a Bigfoot was killed by a car. US Forest Service and local police sealed off the area, and the Bigfoot was hauled off in a truck. Government coverup. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1984-1985: Martin County, Indiana. Dogs cornered a female Bigfoot as she was giving birth. She ran away, abandoning her fetus. The dead fetus was taken to the game warden, but all evidence disappeared after that. Government coverup. Reported by the Gulf Coast Bigfoot Research Organization website.

1991: Chelan, Washington. On the east slope of the Cascades, US Forest Service officials photographed a dead Bigfoot that was found by a prospector. Government coverup. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

August 1998: Battle Mountain, Nevada. Firefighters fighting a fire encountered a badly burned Bigfoot. A physician and a veterinarian were called in to treat it. It was whisked away in an unmarked van, and all of the BLM firefighters were forced to sign statements saying that they would say nothing of the incident, on penalty of losing their G-X status, jobs and pensions.

The Bigfoot was taken to a university in the Bay Area, where it was treated for a few days, then returned to an area about 150 miles from where it was captured. Government coverup. Reported by Thom Powell, The Locals.

Fall 1999: Connell Creek, Revillagigedo Island, Alaska. Near Ketchikan, Alaska, two men found an 8-inch hairy foot in sand by a creek. They threw it back in the creek. They said it belonged to neither a man nor a bear. Possible Bigfoot foot. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

January 2000: Honobia, Oklahoma. The Siege of Honobia.  Bigfoot apparently shot and killed as part of a group that was raiding and harassing a rural residence. Other Bigfoots apparently carried off the dead Bigfoot. Reported by the BFRO.

July 2000: 13 miles east of Hood River, Oregon. Along the Colombia River, a dead Bigfoot was spotted on the highway on Interstate 84 off the highway in the westbound lane, apparently killed by a vehicle. The Bigfoot was grey and was stretched out in a fetal position with an arm outstretched. There were several witnesses. No further data on the case. There were no newspaper reports. Government coverup. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record. x

2001: Hood River area, Oregon. Another Bigfoot was reportedly killed on Interstate 84. When investigators went to investigate, they found only tracks and no body. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

2003: Duvall, Washington. Northeast of Seattle, a man’s dogs led him to a dead Bigfoot on his property. It had no apparent injuries. He thought maybe the dogs had scared the Bigfoot to death. The Bigfoot was 7-8 feet tall and weighed 350-400 pounds. He called Duvall police, but they never showed up. Instead, in about an hour, a black helicopter landed, and men dressed in all black came out. Ordering the man to stay in his house, they put the Bigfoot on a tarp and put it on the helicopter. Government coverup. Reported on the Oregon Bigfoot website.

November 12, 2003: Lafollette, Tennessee. A creature had been killing peoples’ animals. A woman’s goat and cat at the very least had been killed. She called the sheriff’s, and they came out with a team of deputies and told everyone to get their pets indoors as they were going to eliminate these animals. They tracked the Bigfoot and shot it dead over the next hill.

There were sirens wailing, and the Bigfoot screamed as it was shot. The woman left the scene. People saw a black body lying in a field the next morning. Ten minutes later, it had vanished. Planes flew around the area night and day for two weeks. Locals reported that there had been a hostile Bigfoot in the area, and they were trying to appease it by leaving food out for it so it would not kill their animals. Government coverup. Reported by Mary Green.

August 2006: Slim Buttes, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. A Bigfoot that had been named Chiye-tanka was shot and killed on the reservation. It was later given to the School of Mines to study. They sent it back, and it was given a ceremonial burial by Lakota elders. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Conclusion

From 1825-present, a 186 year period, 92 Bigfoots have either been killed by humans, had their dead bodies or parts found by humans, or got taken into human custody. Therefore, humans kill or take into custody Bigfoots or their bodies once every 2.1 years or about once every 2 years.

Bigfoot Bones

1856: East Wheeling, West Virginia. A decayed 9’6 skeleton was found with three bullets in its head. No one knew what to make of it. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Unknown date: Glacier, Montana. Just east of Glacier National Park, a Bigfoot skeleton was said to be kept in a sacred Native American burial area, possibly buried along with the Indians. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

Date unknown, modern era: British Colombia. The British Colombia Museum is said to be in possession of a huge jawbone, possibly of a Bigfoot, but they can’t locate it, as it’s crated somewhere in storage. Reported by John Green.

Date unknown, modern era: Northwest California. Three scientific aides and a wildlife biologist from California Department of Fish and Game, District 1, Eureka, California, found the bones of two adults and one juvenile Bigfoot. The FBI was notified and came to take the bones. A judge then issued a gag order on the case, and nothing more was heard. Government coverup. Reported by Ray Crowe.

Date unknown, modern era: Toba River, British Colombia. In far southwest coastal British Colombia, a couple working a trap line found a Bigfoot skeleton washing out of a riverbank. The bones were too heavy to carry, but the wife packed out the huge jawbone against the advice of her husband. The University of British Colombia and the British Colombia Museum were called, and the couple reported that they had a Bigfoot jaw from a Bigfoot skeleton.

The university and museum both said that there is no such thing as Bigfoot, so they didn’t want to investigate. They kept the jawbone in their cabin, and 10 years later it burned down, taking the jaw in the process. Reported by John Green.

Date unknown, modern era: Morgan Lake, Santiam Highway, Oregon. Southwest of Portland, three gigantic skeletons were seen in the lake under four to six feet of water. Mysterious holes had appeared on the ice-covered lake that winter. It was thought that the Bigfoots had used the holes to bury their dead in the ice-covered lake. Reported by Ray Crowe.

July 1885: New York. A large number of huge skeletons were found in a cave. They were up to 8 feet tall. Disposition unknown. Reported by the Daily Victoria Standard, Victoria, British Colombia, July 7, 1885.

April 1886: Etowah, Alabama. Giant skeletons were found after a flood, washing out of riverbanks. Disposition unknown. Reported by the Jacksonville Republican, Jacksonville, Alabama, April 21, 1886.

1923: Santa Barbara. J.P. Harrington found and examined “Indian skulls” with very peculiar qualities. He felt that they resembled Neandertal Man. He concluded that they were modern Indians from the Santa Barbara region. Reported by Anonymous, Nature, 112:699, 1923.

1948: Bartholomew Creek, Smeaton Bay, East Behm Canal, Alaska. In Misty Fiords National Park, two men reported finding a jawbone larger than a man’s. Possible Bigfoot jawbone. Reported in the Bigfoot Track Record.

1965: Wolfe, Kentucky. Kennith White found a nine foot skeleton with long arms and a huge head while digging along a creek bank. It was later reburied. Reported by the Kentucky Bigfoot website.

1965: Minarets Region of the Sierra Nevada, California. A partial Bigfoot skull (calvarium) was found by a physician. A pathologist said it was not human. It was sent to UCLA, where anthropologists said it was an old Indian skull, since the only ancient hominids residing in the Sierras were Indians, so it must be an Indian. They did say that it had odd features such as a nuchal crest. It’s presently lost in storage. Reported by the BFRO.

Before 1972: Shuswap Lake, British Colombia. In the Colombian Range of the Rocky Mountains, a Bigfoot skeleton was found washing out of a riverbed. The teeth and jaw were huge, and the skeleton was 8 feet long. It was sent to Wrexham Museum in Wales. It seems to have vanished into thin air and has never been found. Reported by Ivan Sanderson.

After 1972: Antelope Flat, Oregon. On the Ochoco National Forest west of Bend, a Bigfoot skull was found. It was taken to Portland College. They returned after a bit with a long report, but only after it had been taken apart into its constituent pieces. They would not commit on what it was. Reported by Vic McDaniel.

Before 1979: Brazil. A Canadian college professor took photos of a beetle-browed skull, thought to be Homo Erectus, at a Brazilian institution. Upon returning later for followup, the skull was gone. Reported by Dr. Alan J. Bryan, University of Alberta. Story reported in Smithsonian Magazine.

1987: Estacada, Oregon. A man, Grover Kiggens, found his dog playing with a strange object. Upon examination, it was a human-like skull with strange features. It still had some skin and hair on it. The man felt that the creature had been 4-5 years old when it died. It seems to have been the skull of a young Bigfoot. There had been a lot of strange screeching in the forest for several nights previous to the discovery of the skull.

The man thought it was human, so he sent it to the crime lab. The crime lab sent it back, saying it was not human. Then he sent it to the Regional Primate Center, but they refused to comment, simply returning the skull with a note. Next it went to the University of British Colombia, but they kept it for two years and could not decide what it was. Next it went to the University of California, Berkeley. After some time, the finder received a note from a Dr. Turner of Berkeley:

“…please tell him he can be proud…is ultimately responsible for discovery of a new species and its legal protection. Slow going partly because legal protection requires species known to science, hence named and described based upon physical material. Several others and I cautious about going out on limb…process of elimination was very tedious, but skull is ‘new.’”

Berkeley is still on possession of the skull, but it seems to be lost. Reported by Cliff Olsen.

2002: Scotts Valley, California. In the Santa Cruz Mountains, a man digging in a sand hill for shark teeth found a huge apparent Bigfoot tooth. He showed it to a several dentists, who all said it was human, but that it was too big to be human. It is presently part of Dr. Melba Ketchum’s  Bigfoot DNA project, but it has not yet been tested. Reported by Mike Rugg.

2008: Oregon. As part of the Ketchum DNA project to prove the existence of Bigfoot by sequencing their DNA, a purported Bigfoot bone, a femur, was used. The bone was found in a stream in Oregon. However, for whatever reason, the bone was not used in the study.

Conclusion

Between 1858-present, over a 153 year period, 30 possible Bigfoot bones, skulls, skeletons or teeth have been found. So Bigfoot bones are found about once every 5.1 years in the modern era, about once every 5 years.

Government Coverup

For the past 43 years, there appears to be a government coverup about Bigfoots. Over a 43 year period, there were 16 cases of government coverup of Bigfoot evidence. That is one coverup case every 2.7 years, about one incident every 3 years. Before 1968, there were no government coverup cases.

The evidence suggests therefore that there may be a government coverup dating from 1968. In particular, government officials have been taking Bigfoot bodies away, never to be seen again. The government appears to be involved at various levels, including the National Guard, the Army Corps of Engineers, state police, the FBI and the US military.

Grand Conclusion

From 1825-present, a 186 year period, 127 possible Bigfoot bones, bodies, body parts, burials, graveyards and Bigfoots have been captured or killed. Such hard evidence for Bigfoot occurs once every 1.4 years, or once every 1 1/2 years. Obviously, in the future, we will continue to find dead Bigfoots, Bigfoot bones/remains and Bigfoot burials/graveyards. We will continue to capture and kill Bigfoots.

With the increasing media publicity about Bigfoots, the possibility that these remains end up in the proper hands and are not sent to the university lost and found bin or confiscated by the state as part of a coverup increases.

Recommendations For Those Encountering Hard Bigfoot Evidence

As noted above, there seems to be a government conspiracy to coverup  Bigfoot existence dating back 31 years. Therefore, the state is not to be trusted one bit with Bigfoot evidence. Universities have a nasty habit of losing Bigfoot hard evidence, so we should not automatically turn evidence over to them.

Next time someone comes across a dead Bigfoot, they ought to call someone other than the authorities. I would recommend calling Bigfoot researchers or possibly the media. With the media on the scene taking pictures of the body, it will be hard for the state to seal the area off and steal the body again. At the very least, take pictures or movies of the body before the state can whisk it away.

If a Bigfoot burial is witnessed, notify Bigfoot researchers so they can excavate the gravesite. Try to take photos or movies of the burial. Possible Bigfoot graveyards should be excavated. Bodies, parts, bones, etc. should be turned over to Bigfoot researchers and not the state. Let the state conduct an armed raid to get them back.

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Filed under Americas, Animals, Apes, Bigfoot, Brazil, California, Canada, Florida, Government, History, Louisiana, Mammals, Midwest, Minnesota, Modern, Nevada, North America, Northeast, Oregon, Regional, Science, South, South America, Texas, US, USA, Washington, West, Wild

1825: When the US South Was Not Yet White

Repost from the old site.

Most people take it as a given that the USA as a nation and society is and always has been basically White, even mostly British or Northern European White. We have only to look at the authors of the Constitution and signers of the Declaration of Independence to see that all of them where White. And as the Christian fundamentalists love to remind us, they were all “Christians” too. Too bad most of them were actually Deists.

It’s true since 1830 or so (see 1830 census figures Excel, pdf ), this has been a majority-White land, and that is the picture most people’s memory and cultural knowledge of this country gives them.

But Whites have only been here a short while, and we were immigrants, or actually invaders at first, ourselves. Previously, this land was inhabited 100% by Amerindians, a race close to Northeast Asians. Before this was even a nation, huge numbers of Black slaves were imported to this land, such that most Black lineages in the US go back farther than most White lineages.

In California and the Southwest, we have even had Hispanics (almost all Mexicans) living here before those states were even a part of the US. A Filipino was part of the party that founded Los Angeles before California was even a state. He got sick in Baja and ended up staying there, but he was still present on the voyage. See below where many more Filipinos were already in this country even before 1781.

On the eve of the Gold Rush, there were a mere 1,000 Chinese in the US. Only seven of them were in California. But within a year of becoming a state, California was full of East Indians (Hindoos), Samoans/Hawaiians, Mexicans and other Pacific Islanders (Kanakas) and Chinese, all come for the Gold Rush.

By 1852, there were 25,000 Chinese alone in California. All of these groups stayed on through the whole decades-long Gold Rush and afterwards remained here as residents in the US.

So are West Africans, as this is where many of the American slaves came from. There was a Filipino settlement in St. Malo, Louisiana, in 1763, before the US was even formed. The first Chinese immigrants came to the US in 1820, but before the Gold Rush, only 1,000 or so had arrived.

Japanese and Filipinos have been present in Hawaii in large numbers since 1890, and Koreans have been present in much smaller numbers there from 1896. Hawaii was only made into a state in 1959. Cubans have also been here a very long time. Hundreds of Cubans came to St. Augustine, Florida in 1565, over 200 years before there was a USA.

Similarly, the first Jamaicans (a party of 20) in America were already in Jamestown, the first White British colony in the US, by 1619. Further, many Jamaicans were included in slave shipments to the US since Jamaica was a way station along the way between Africa and the US.

Significant numbers – two large ships full of Chilean and Peruvian miners were in California for the Gold Rush as early as 1848. A couple of thousand Brazilian and Caribbean Blacks also came for the Gold Rush. Note that California did not become a state until 1850.

Pakistanis (people from what later became Pakistan) were in the US since the 1700′s and continuing into the 1800′s in Oregon and Washington, working in agriculture, logging and mining in California. The first known East Indian Hindu came to the US in 1790, soon after the Declaration of Independence, as a maritime worker.

Mexicans, Samoans, Blacks, Cubans, East Indians, Pakistanis, Chileans, Peruvians, Filipinos, American Indians, Canadians, Japanese, West Africans, Hawaiians, Japanese, Koreans and Chinese have been here in significant, not trivial, numbers, from the very start.

They are not, as groups, wholly immigrants or foreigners to this land. They are not foreign to American culture – they are part of the very building blocks of it. Perhaps Germany, Russia, Sweden, France and most of Europe can lay claim to being predominantly White countries for centuries or millenia, but the US cannot.

On the inside back cover of a recent issue of American Heritage Magazine was a painting of the Antediluvian American South with some text below. The text took me aback. I shook my head and read it again and again and it’s stuck in my head ever since.

It said that in 1825, the US South1 was estimated to be 37% Black (almost all slaves), 25% American Indian2, and only 38% was White3. Neither the Blacks nor the Indians could vote and none were citizens until the 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868, but so what.

Both the US South, and the nation as a whole, were already White-minority as early as 35 years after signing of the Constitution. Take that, “White America” fools!

The White America of movies, TV, magazines, books and memories was just a temporary mirage, a ship passing in the night.

Now, as the USA moves back to becoming a White-minority land, we are not changing the basic nature, culture and essence of this nation. We just reverting to our roots.

I am not arguing for unlimited immigration to this land (In fact, I want to seriously limit it) and I am a staunch opponent of illegal immigration. Nevertheless, it angers me when White Nationalists act like this is some kind of a “White country”.

Nothing could be further from the truth.

1I misremembered the text in the issue – it referred to the US South only, not the US as a whole. A look at the US Census Bureau information (Excel file here, pdf here) clears up the mystery. A 37% Black figure is apparent for Blacks in the US South.

The 25% Indian figure quoted was obviously for Amerindians in the South. Therefore, the article claimed that Whites were 38%, Blacks 37%, and Indians 25% in the US South in 1825.

Figures for the whole of the US reveal a White majority, however, if we include the Amerindians living in the Louisiana Purchase at that time (recently part of the US in 1825), we can still make a case for a non-White majority in the US. See note 3 below for more on that.

2There were numerically small numbers of Filipinos, Chinese, Mexicans, pre-Pakistanis (people from the land that would later become Pakistan), East Indians and Cubans here in 1825, but they probably added up to less than 1% of the population.

3The American Heritage figures quoted have now been called into question (see comments at the end of this post and the comments at the end of the frankly White racist American Renaissance article that linked this piece); the suggestion is that Blacks made up 19% of the US at the time, and Whites made up the rest.

The mystery is cleared up in note 1, where the magazine text referred to only the US South, not the US as a whole.

Indians were not counted in either the 1820 or 1830 censuses, and may have numbered 8 million in the US at the time (recall that the Louisiana Purchase had just been added to the nation).

Figure 12 million Indians in the US and Canada pre-contact, with 90% of those in the US (compare US and Canadian populations now for a 9-1 disparity in US versus Canadian population – a similar distribution was probably extant pre-contact). Assume 2 million Indians gone from the original population by 1825, mostly East of the Mississippi, and 2 million living in New Spain and the Oregon Territory.

This leaves us with 7 million Indians in the US in 1825. Further, runaway slaves were clearly not counted, probably 10% of the Black population. Figuring 7 million Indians, 9.2 million Whites and 2.5 million Blacks in 1825 still leaves us with a bare minority-White population in the US. The US was probably non-White majority from 1803-1825. By 1830, Whites were the majority entire nation, and have remained so ever since.

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Worries About Starving Pets In New Orleans May be Exaggerated

Repost from the old site. This is a famous post. It got tons of hits on the old site, but it’s an old post.



As you can see from these pics here, the widespread worries about all the lost pets, especially dogs and cats, starving to death in NOLA after Hurricane Katrina are somewhat overdrawn. Clearly, some pets, such as the enterprising hungry stray dog above, are finding plenty of food on their own, although it’s not exactly Alpo.

Some folks asked me why the MSM (mainstream media) doesn’t show these pics and I said I did not know.

Clearly, the MSM have been carrying water for Bush for much of this disaster, though at the start, segments of the media demonstrated some rarely-seen backbone and stood up to Bush for once, as demonstrated in my previous post, New Orleans Is Gone.

Does the media not like to show disgusting pics like this, out of ethics (sic) or worry over being criticized for pandering (as if they don’t pander enough as it is)?

Not sure what the answer is. Feel free to weigh in.

Pics from Postman Patel, a fine British blog.

One more thing: alligators. Initial posts noted that rumors of alligators in NOLA after Katrina were unfounded. However, we now have verification, via Juan Cole’s blog, that alligators have in fact been lunching on folks in NOLA. Sorry folks, no pics yet. But I’m working on it.

What about other hungry critters? Anderson Cooper on CNN noted here that he observed rats eating corpses in NOLA. Sorry, no photos of that either.

I have received numerous complaints and comments about this post:

  1. The dog (there is only one dog in both pics) is not eating people, but is instead a cadaver dog – dogs that work with police to locate corpses.
  2. Those are not corpses, but “dummies“.
  3. The statement that these photos and “sensationalistic captions” are a reflection of the “poor journalistic standards” of National Geographic and put it on a par with National Inquirer.
  4. They can’t be stray dogs because strays always operate in packs.
  5. This post is amateur, yellow-journalistic tripe and that it’s credibility is further weakened by appearing on a “random blog”.
  6. The dog is only interested in hands and feet, and therefore must be a cadaver dog and cannot be a stray dog.
  7. I am not honest, and that the MSM is objectively more honest than I am. (Now that’s insulting!)

In order to try to resolve these questions, I somehow tracked down the freelance photographer who took the second photo (I still can’t figure out who took the first photo).

Allen Frederickson is a freelance photographer from Milwaukee who was in NOLA after the flood to cover it as a photojournalist. I communicated with Fredrickson via email and phone to try to resolve some of the questions posed above about his photo. Here is his abridged email correspondence:

Robert, you present some interesting questions. I work for Reuters as a contact photographer, and have since August 1990. Faking or manipulating photos is not a smart practice, and something I do not engage in. Corbis [where one of the photos was found on the web] does some of the secondary sales for Reuters .

The photo in question was taken in New Orleans on at 3:39 PM (according to digital info on my camera) on September 5, not September 6, as National Geographic states on their website.

The photo was taken as I flew as an embedded photographer in a U.S. Army Chinook helicopter piloted by National Guard aviators. The Guard was engaged in repair of a levee wall very close to the south side of Lake Pontchartrain.

The dog in the photo appeared to be a stray, and the corpse was about 50 yards from the spot where 16,000 pound bags of sand (actually crushed limestone) were being dropped. On two separate runs, about 15 minutes apart, the dog appeared to be eating this poor man’s leg.

I cannot imagine the dog was simply licking his master but that’s an outside possibility. The pilot of the Chinook told me he’d seen two dogs, a black one and this brown [or yellow] one, near the cadaver for the past three days, (September 3-5), as he helped drop bags. There were no live persons on the ground in the area, and no indications that either of the two dogs near this man would be cadaver dogs.

In his phone conversation with me, Allen basically reiterated these points. He said that cadaver dogs operate with police close by, and there were no police, or any live humans period, anywhere near this site for days on end. Furthermore, the dogs in question had been running wild and hanging around the corpses for three days prior, once again under no human supervision.

I think we can put this matter to rest and assume that this yellow dog was actually eating a human corpse in NOLA at 3:39 PM on September 5, 2005 on the south side of Lake Pontchartrain. Further, we can suspect that the same dog may have eaten another corpse around the same time frame (note the first pic from an unknown source).

We can also assume that the yellow dog and a black dog had possibly been eating at least the body in the second pic above for the prior three days.

Let us deal with the questions above. The dog in the pics is a stray dog, not a cadaver dog. The bodies were real bodies, not dummies. The fact that the what may be the same dog is eating two bodies is not relevant and does not prove he is a cadaver dog.

Apparently, dogs who eat people eat extremities, not just central areas, and cadaver dogs are not the only dogs who investigate extremities of corpses. Apparently, stray dogs do not always operate in packs, maybe especially after major disasters like this one.

Based on Fredrickson’s statements, National Geographic is not exercising poor, National Enquirer-style judgment in its photos or captions, nor am I dishonest.

The notion that blogs are an inherently dishonest medium is a common prejudice against us poor unpaid bloggers, and it seems to be without substance. Some bloggers are principled and fact-check (ahem) well while others are pretty atrocious and don’t check sources.

In contrast, the MSM has been demonstrably dishonest for a long time, as Noam Chomsky’s Manufacturing Consent and other works make clear.

The second photo above (Fredrickson’s photo) has appeared in a number of other places on the Net. The original National Geographic site where the photo appeared is here. It also appeared on the Corbis site, where some posters nabbed it.

The first photo mysteriously appeared only on this strange site here. The site is accessible only through it’s uploads folder; the main page is blank. In the past, this odd page has been used to upload controversial photos to the web. Fredrickson says he did not take that shot, and he knows nothing about it. The page with the photo may be affiliated with the Indymedia Pittsburgh site here, based on its partial web address.

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Map of the Romance Speaking World

Here is a very nice map of the parts of the world that speak a Romance language, in whole or in part. The main languages covered here are Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian.

Nice map of the Romance languages of the world. Click to enlarge.

The heavy Spanish speaking zone is Spain, Rio Muni, New Mexico and Latin America except for Brazil, the Guyanas, Haiti and some Caribbean islands that speak French. To a lesser extent, it is spoken Spanish Sahara and Belize. To a much lesser extent, it is spoken in  parts of the US and in the Philippines where it is a dying colonial language.

The heavy Portuguese speaking zone is Brazil, Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, other parts of Africa and East Timor. In the latter countries, it is a lingua franca.

French is heavily spoken in France, Quebec, French Guyana, French Polynesia, Belgium and Switzerland, less heavily in much of Africa, especially Congo, the Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Chad, Niger, Mali, Togo, Cote d’Ivorie, Burkino Faso, Senegal, West Africa, Central Africa, Djibouti and Madagascar, less in the rest of Canada, and even less in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Louisiana, where it is a dying colonial language overtaken by national languages in Southeast Asia, Arabic in Northwest Africa and English in Louisiana

Italian is spoken heavily in Italy and less so in Libya and Albania.

Romanian is spoken heavily in Romania, Moldova and Serbia.

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Final Katrina Death Toll at 4,081

Repost from the old blog. I received a lot of criticism for this, but this is still probably the best death toll for direct and indirect deaths for Hurricane Katrina out there.

I used my own total of 1,723 direct deaths combined with testimony about a study done after the hurricane that showed a huge increase in excess deaths in the period after the hurricane was over. The resulting total of 4,081 is probably the most accurate total out there for direct and indirect deaths from the storm so far, unless someone has added in some more indirect deaths. This figure came under some criticism, but it is based on the solid epidemiological theory of excess mortality.

My official death toll of 1,723, representing deaths due to immediate and direct effects of the storm, has not changed since August 22, 2006. However, we now have a fascinating document that comes from testimony delivered to Congress, which has caused me to raise the total deaths from Katrina due to direct and immediate plus delayed effects to 4,081.

For those who are interested, a list of 1,195 people who were killed in the hurricane is available here.

The testimony was part of a hearing titled Post Katrina Health Care: Continuing Concerns and Immediate Needs in the New Orleans Region given before the House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations on March 13, 2007.

The list of speakers is here. Of particular interest in terms of the Katrina death toll was the testimony given by a physician, Dr. Kevin Stephens, Sr., Director pf the New Orleans Health Department.

In his testimony (pdf), Stephens points out that New Orleans already had serious public health problems before the hurricane, including large numbers of poor and uninsured people. The number of doctors has been reduced by 70% and the number of hospital beds in Orleans Parish has been reduced by 75%.

In some areas such as the Lower Ninth Ward and New Orleans East in Orleans Parish and Chalmette and other places in St. Bernard Parish, residents have no access to health care whatsoever. Mental health is another serious problem: even last year, 20% of residents reported suffering from severe stress and depression.

Yet the number of mental health inpatient beds has been reduced by 83% and the number of psychiatrists has dropped by 90%. Residents reported observing a larger than usual number of death notices in the newspaper, even long after Katrina and into 2006. At the same time, even months after the storm, residents reported going to more funerals than they ever had.

These anecdotal reports caused Stephens and a team to undertake a study to count the number of death notices in the New Orleans Times-Picayune and compare it to a reference year which would serve as a baseline. 2003 was chosen as a reference year. The data can be seen on page nine of the testimony linked above.

In the first six months of 2003, 5,544 deaths were counted. In the first six months of 2006, 7,902 were counted, an increase of 2,358 deaths over baseline in the post-Katrina period. Based on this, we will assign 2,358 deaths as caused by the accelerated death rates that occurred in New Orleans even long after the storm.

Although the population of New Orleans is only 1/2 what it was prior to the storm, the obituaries covered not only New Orleans but also included many of the refugees tossed about to various parts of the country.

Based on this new information, we can add the previous toll of 1,723 to the new post-Katrina figure of 2,358 to posit a new unofficial death toll of 4,081. Possible causes of the excess deaths in 2006 include stress, suicide, pollution, contamination, impoverishment and the devastation of the heath sector after Katrina. For instance, the suicide rate tripled in the first 10 months after Katrina.

Thanks to Ezra Boyd of Louisiana State University for sending me this information.

Louisiana 20061: Tue., Mar. 13, 2007: 2,358
Louisiana:       Mon., Aug. 2, 2006:  1,464
Mississippi:     Tue., Jan. 24, 2006: 238
Florida:         Mon., Jan. 9, 2006:  14
Georgia:         Mon., Jan. 9, 2006:  2
Alabama:         Mon., Jan. 9, 2006:  2
Ohio2:           Wed., Aug. 31, 2005: 2
Kentucky3:       Wed., Aug. 31, 2005: 1
Total:                                4,081

Footnoted totals are controversial. Explanations for controversial totals follows:

1The explanation for the 2,358 excess deaths in the first six months of 2006 as compared to the baseline of the first six months of 2003, presumably due to various effects of Hurricane Katrina, is above. This total reflects deaths due to delayed effects, whereas the other figures all represent more immediate and direct effects of the storm.

2The two Ohio victims are Cassondra Ground, 19, of Monroeville, Ohio, and Thelma Niedzinski, 84, of Norwalk, Ohio. Both were killed in a car accident near Monroeville, Ohio on August 30, 2005. The Ohio State Highway Patrol felt that a wet road caused by Hurricane Katrina caused the car accident. See Ohioans Focus on Helping Katrina Victims, Jay Cohen, Associated Press, August 31, 2005.

3The Kentucky victim was Deanna Petsch, 10, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky. On August 29, 2005, she fell into a Hurricane Katrina-swollen ditch in Hopkinsville and drowned. See Storm Surge: State Gets Soaked, City Avoids Major Flooding, Homes, Life Lost in Hopkinsville, Sheldon S. Shafer and James Malone, The Louisville (Kentucky) Courier-Journal, August 31, 2005.

Update: This post has been linked on the always-excellent blog Majikthise and criticized in the comments there. The comments question how the 2,368 excess deaths after Katrina can possibly be attributed to Hurricane Katrina. Answer: They cannot.

But using that number is perfectly in accord with the Theory of Excess Mortality. That theory is widely used by epidemiologists, and was used by Les Roberts’ team to come up with the figure of 655,000 excess deaths in Iraq since the US invasion.

Dr. Gideon Polya has done a lot of work in the area of excess mortality and avoidable mortality, some of which has been published in peer-reviewed journals. Examples of his work are here, here and here.

Can we prove that anything in particular is causing excess mortality in any particular place, absent disaster or war? Nope. But something is killing people in various places at various times at an excessive rate. Anecdotal evidence indicated that many more people than normal were dying in New Orleans in the three to nine months post-Hurricane Katrina. Something was killing them.

They just didn’t up and decide that 2006 was a nice year for dying. Barring other reasonable factors, we may assume that Hurricane Katrina had something to do with the excess deaths in New Orleans. The theory and methodology used in my Katrina excess deaths post in no less rigorous than that used by Roberts, Polya and epidemiologists everywhere.

This comment in the same thread on Majikthise backs up my comments quite well.

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Final Katrina Direct Death Toll At 1,723

Repost from the old blog. This is my tally of the final death toll from Hurricane Katrina from a number of sources. I am not sure if it differs a bit from the official toll, but if it does, I am confident that my total if the better one. It was quoted as the official toll on Wikipedia for a long time.

Update: The indirect Katrina death toll has risen from 1,723 to 4,098 as of March 13, 2007. See my post, Final Katrina Death Toll at 4,081 for details. A list of 1,195 people who were killed in Hurricane Katrina is available on this website here.

For what it’s worth, Seth Abramson, an attorney/poet blogger, has been hammering away at the discrepancies in Mississippi’s death toll for some time now, making various allegations that Haley Barbour is hiding the real death toll in Mississippi.

It is true that the suicide rate in New Orleans went up after Hurricane Katrina for a number of months, but the only figures available are per 1000,000 population figures, and until we can determine the population of New Orleans month by month post-Katrina, there is no way to figure out what that number is.

It is helpful to look at a couple of overviews of what Hurricane Katrina actually was. First, a timeline, and then a fact sheet (both the timeline and the fact sheet are from the producers of Surviving Katrina, a promising documentary directed by Phil Craig and produced by the Discovery Channel. This film will be showing on August 27 at 9 PM across the US:

Timeline

Tuesday, August 23, 2005

Hurricane Katrina starts forming over the Bahamas and is identified by the National Hurricane Centre at 5 PM as Tropical Depression 12.

Wednesday, August 24

Tropical Depression 12 strengthens into a tropical storm and is named Katrina.

Thursday, August 25

Katrina strikes Florida as a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 80 MPH.
Long-range forecasting predicts Katrina will make landfall in the Florida Panhandle, well to the East of New Orleans. It is expected that Katrina will move immediately in a northward direction.

Friday, August 26

At 5 PM, Hurricane Katrina moves into the Gulf of Mexico and quickly grows into a category 2 hurricane with 100 MPH winds. As Hurricane Katrina enters the Gulf of Mexico conditions are perfect for a hurricane to rapidly intensify:

1) Warm ocean temperatures
2) Moist atmospheric conditions
3) A lack of wind sheer (winds that disrupt the motion of a storm)

High pressures over the Gulf drive Katrina further west. Katrina is moving in a westerly direction and the National Hurricane Center forecast track shifts towards New Orleans. The Florida Panhandle is no longer in Katrina’s sights and landfall is now expected somewhere in Mississippi or Louisiana.

Saturday, August 27

At 4 AM, Katrina is now a Category 3 storm and continues to move in a westerly direction. Katrina also continues to rapidly intensify due to the sustained conditions for hurricane growth in the Gulf of Mexico.

The hurricane forecast track has Katrina moving northwest over the next 24 hours towards New Orleans at a speed of 7 MPH. Katrina is roughly 435 miles south of the Mississippi River.

A Category 5 hurricane is a very rare occurrence; typically we only see one every two years in the Atlantic. Conditions in recent years, however, have been ideal for the fueling of massive Category 5 hurricanes.

Sunday, August 28

At 1 AM, Katrina is upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 145 MPH. Six hours later, Katrina is upgraded to a Category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 160 MPH.

The National Weather Service issues this Advisory at 7 AM:

A Hurricane Warning is in effect for the north central gulf coast from Morgan City, Louisiana eastward to the Alabama/Florida border – including the City of New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain – preparations to protect life and property should be rushed to completion.

At 4 PM, the National Weather Service continues to update on the potential threat to New Orleans and the Gulf Coast from storm surge:

Coastal storm surge flooding of 18 to 22 feet above normal tide levels – locally as high as 28 feet – along with large and dangerous battering waves – can be expected near and to the east of where the center makes landfall. Some levees in New Orleans area could be overtopped. Significant storm surge will occur elsewhere along the central and northeastern Gulf of Mexico Coast.

Monday, August 29

In the early hours of Monday morning, Katrina begins to weaken and by 2 AM is already classed by the National Weather Service as a Category 4 storm.

At 5 AM, one hour before Katrina’s first landfall, Katrina’s associated storm surge begins to cross Lake Borgne from the Gulf of Mexico and starts to batter the eastern flood defenses of Greater New Orleans. The storm surge is also carried towards the city’s Industrial Canal and Lake Pontchartrain along the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway.

Storm surge heights at landfall peaked at around 25 feet as they came ashore – the largest recorded in U.S. history – breaking the previous record set by Hurricane Camille in 1969. Storm surges can be the most devastating part of a hurricane and in Katrina’s case, the storm surges proved much more destructive than the hurricane winds.

Hurricane Katrina makes landfall over the Mississippi Delta as a near Category 4 storm and then makes another landfall on the Mississippi-Louisiana border as a Category 3 hurricane. Hurricane Katrina’s core winds hit the Mississippi Coast and New Orleans experiences the weaker winds on the western side of Katrina.

These winds, moving from the North to the South, create a second storm surge on Lake Pontchartrain – about 11 feet high – which races towards the northern flood defenses of the city, ultimately leading to the breaches in the 17th Street and London Avenue drainage canals that flood Metropolitan New Orleans.

By 2 PM Katrina has weakened to a Category 2 storm as it continues to move inland. By Tuesday, Katrina weakens to a tropical depression.

Hurricane Katrina Fact Sheet

Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States, killing over 1,700 people.

  • The confirmed death toll (total of direct and indirect deaths) stood at 1,723, mainly from Louisiana (1,464) and Mississippi (238). However, 135 people remain categorized as missing in Louisiana, so this number is not final. Many of the deaths are indirect. It is almost impossible to determine the exact cause of some of the fatalities.
  • Katrina was the largest hurricane of its strength to approach the United States in recorded history; its sheer size caused devastation over 100 miles (160 km) from the center. The storm surge caused major or catastrophic damage along the coastlines of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, including the cities of Mobile, Alabama, Biloxi and Gulfport, Mississippi, and Slidell, Louisiana.
  • Katrina was the eleventh named storm, the fifth hurricane, the third major hurricane, and the second category 5 hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It was also the sixth strongest hurricane ever recorded, and the third strongest landfalling U.S. hurricane ever recorded.
  • New Orleans’ levee failures were found to be primarily the result of system design flaws, combined with the lack of adequate maintenance. According to an investigation by the National Science Foundation, those responsible for the conception, design, construction, and maintenance of the region’s flood-control system apparently failed to pay sufficient attention to public safety.
  • Hurricane Katrina was the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, with estimated damages resulting in $75 billion (in 2005 US dollars).
  • > As of April 2006, the Bush Administration has sought $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region. This does not account for damage to the economy caused by potential interruption of the oil supply and exports of commodities such as grain.
  • More than seventy countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance. Kuwait made the largest single pledge, $500 million; other large donations were made by Qatar ($100 million), India, China (both $5 million), Pakistan ($1.5 million), and Bangladesh ($1 million).
  • The total shut-in oil production from the Gulf of Mexico in the six-month period following the hurricane was approximately 24% of the annual production and the shut-in gas production for the same period was about 18%.
  • The forestry industry in Mississippi was also affected, as 1.3 million acres of forest lands were destroyed. The total loss to the forestry industry due to Katrina is calculated to rise to about $5 billion.
  • Hundreds of thousands of local residents were left unemployed, which will have a trickle-down effect as lower taxes are paid to local governments. Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. It is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion.
  • The American Red Cross, Salvation Army, Habitat for Humanity, Common Ground Collective, Emergency Communities, and many other charitable organizations provided housing, food, and water to victims of the storm. These organizations also provided an infrastructure for shelters throughout Louisiana and other states that held thousands of refugees.
Louisiana:   Mon., Aug. 2, 2006:   1,464
Mississippi: Tue., Jan. 24, 2006:  238
Florida:     Mon., Jan. 9, 2006:   14
Georgia:     Mon., Jan. 9, 2006:   2
Alabama:     Mon., Jan. 9, 2006:   2
Ohio1:       Wed., Aug. 31, 2005:  2
Kentucky2:   Wed., Aug. 31, 2005:  1
Total:                             1,723

Footnoted totals are controversial. Explanations for controversial totals follows:

1The two Ohio victims are Cassondra Ground, 19, of Monroeville, Ohio, and Thelma Niedzinski, 84, of Norwalk, Ohio. Both were killed in a car accident near Monroeville, Ohio on August 30, 2005. The Ohio State Highway Patrol felt that a wet road caused by Hurricane Katrina caused the car accident. See Ohioans Focus on Helping Katrina Victims, Jay Cohen, Associated Press, August 31, 2005.

2The Kentucky victim was Deanna Petsch, 10, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky. On August 29, 2005, she fell into a Hurricane Katrina-swollen ditch in Hopkinsville and drowned. See Storm Surge: State Gets Soaked, City Avoids Major Flooding, Homes, Life Lost in Hopkinsville, Sheldon S. Shafer and James Malone, The Louisville (Kentucky) Courier-Journal, August 31, 2005.

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List of Hurricane Katrina Victims

Repost from the old blog. This is to the best of my knowledge, the best and most up to date list of the victims of Hurricane Katrina that available. It was very hard to find, hidden in an obscure corner of the Net, and soon after I grabbed it, the professor who put it up there took it down. To my knowledge, he has not reposted it. If there is a better one out there, let me know.

Finally, at long last, we have an accessible list of victims of Hurricane Katrina. It’s not complete at all, as it only lists 1,195 victims, but it’s a start anyway. The Louisiana Health Department has released a list of 828 victims, but I don’t know where to find that list, and it’s incomplete anyway.

Listing of victims has been quite haphazard. Mississippi listed those directly killed by the storm, while Louisiana chose to list indirect deaths. John Mutter, a professor of geophysics at Colombia University’s Earth Institute, was frustrated by the seeming lack of an accurate death toll, so he decided to try to tally up his own.

Mutter wants a complete list of everyone killed by the storm, directly and indirectly. His list is now pretty much hidden and very hard to find, but in March 2007 I did manage to track it down to an obscure website on Mutter’s homepage. However, he has now removed the list and is not responding to emails about it. I have placed the file here.

The file is an Excel spreadsheet and you need to have a program capable of reading Excel spreadsheets in order to read the document.

I also have a large and detailed report in pdf that breaks the deaths down into all sorts of categories. It is available here.

The list has 1,195 victims listed on it, with a few facts about each victim included in their entry. Mutter’s list is dated October 26, 2006 and there does not seem to be a more updated list. Mutter’s list contains names that are not on the official state tallies. Here is the website for Mutter’s project at Colombia. You can also send him data on any hurricane deaths that may not appear on the list from a form on the site.

As this article makes clear, it seems there are storm victims who have not made it onto either list. Some are well-known, such as Sgt. Paul Accardo of the New Orleans Police Department, who committed suicide a mere six days after the storm.

Others include Jerome “Slim Rome” Spears and his fiance Rachel Harris. Spears shot Harris to death and then killed himself in a rental home in Atlanta, where they had moved as unemployed refugees after the storm.

Some are elderly, such as Dorothy and Sam Cerniglia and Yvonne Aubry. All three saw their health begin a rapid slide to death after the storm hit, dying of conditions that previously had been well-managed.

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